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Course: Grammar > Unit 9
Lesson 3: Dangling modifiers and parallel structureDangling modifiers
A modifying word or phrase “dangles” when it doesn’t apply to the word it’s supposed to modify, as in the sentence
"Flashing lightning and thunder, the rabbit ran through the stormy meadow." It isn't the rabbit, after all, that is flashing lightning!
.Want to join the conversation?
- Would it be the same if it had a fragment in it?(19 votes)
- On the sentence "Running around on his little hamster wheel, the critter exercised while Albert watched." Can't you get confused by Albert could be another hamster watching?(10 votes)
- Hm...very true. I guess that it really depends on the rest of the sentence.(8 votes)
- Is it incorrect to say," Marine biologist Carson's 1962 Silent Spring initiated the contemporary environmental movement and revealed the dangers of pesticides, which caused a sharp decline in bird population?"(4 votes)
- I find no problem with that sentence. For clarity's sake, though, you might put the title of the book in Italics.(15 votes)
- Will it be correct if I say, "The little bunny struggled through the flashing lightning and thunder; as the storm raged."?(8 votes)
- Writing that sentence in that order, you don’t actually need the semicolon.(6 votes)
- Where is david? Is he sick,dead or did he quit?(0 votes)
- David Rheinstrom made the videos you watch here in this course.
He made the first of them in 2014.
He made the last of them in 2016.
As you watch these videos and learn from them, you are listening to something from the past, like watching an old Disney princess movie.
David still works for Khan Academy, but not on this course.(22 votes)
- Running around his little hamster wheel, Alberts hamster excercised as he watched.
Other than "he" being able to be confused with the hamster watching albert, would this be correct?
Running around his little hamster wheel, Alberts hamster excercised as Albert watched.
I feel like this is the most correct, but using albert twice seems very repetitive - its better than confusing the hamster with albert though.(5 votes)- You are right. In your first example, "he" leaves ambiguity. Your correction is necessary to deal with that. It is repetitive, but it is clear.
Always opt for clarity.(5 votes)
- Is it incorrect to say, "The little bunny struggled through the flashing lightning and thundering storm."?
Or does this somewhat changes the initial meaning of the sentence?(5 votes) - May I ask The answer to the example no.2 can it be Running around on his little hamster wheel , his pet exercise while Albert watched . Can it be like this ?(2 votes)
- Yes, it can. You can rewrite the sentence any way you can, as long as the modifier is next to what it modifies. Although, I would caution against using "he" or another pronoun twice before introducing the noun, just because it can confuse readers.(7 votes)
- now I get it.(5 votes)
Video transcript
- [Voiceover] Hello
grammarians, hello Rosie. - [Voiceover] Hi Paige. - [Voiceover] So in this
video we're gonna talk about something called a dangling modifier. So, before we get in to
what a dangling modifier is, we can sort of talk about
just what a modifier is. Rosie, do want to tell
us what the definition of a modifier is? - [Voiceover] Sure, so,
well one major modifier that you think of is an adjective. So a lot of times a modifier is describing something else in the sentence. - [Voiceover] Right, okay. So it can be an adjective or like a,
- [Voiceover] An adverb - [Voiceover] A phrase,
yeah an adverb too. So a modifier is always
supposed to come right before the word or phrase that it's modifying. But when it doesn't do that, that's what's called a dangling modifier. - [Voiceover] So this
can look something like, Flashing lightning and thunder, the little bunny struggled
through the storm. - [Voiceover] So this sentence
has a dangling modifier, and the modifier in question is, flashing lightning and thunder. So the phrase that this
comes right before is, the little bunny. And flashing lightning and
thunder is not describing the little bunny, right. I don't think I've ever seen a bunny with like, lightning coming
out of it or anything. - [Voiceover] Rosie what
is this modifier actually supposed to be modifying? - [Voiceover] So, the
modifier is actually supposed to be modifying the storm. Because we've got lightning
and thunder, flashing, all of those things describe the storm. - [Voiceover] Right, okay, so, we're really not supposed
to have a dangling modifier like this so we need to fix this sentence. - [Voiceover] Flashing
lightning and thunder, the storm raged as the bunny struggled. - [Voiceover] So this is all better, the modifier, flashing
lightning and thunder, comes right before the storm, now. - [Voiceover] Right. - [Voiceover] So, this makes more sense. We got rid of the dangling modifier, it's not you know, hanging out, looking like it's
modifying the wrong noun. - [Voiceover] So if you're doing editing, or you're looking at a sentence, when you take a look at a sentence, see if you can spot what it is that that modifier is supposed
to be describing. And then just make sure
that that noun or phrase comes right after the modifier. [Voiceover] Right, like
in this example we had to pretty much completely
rewrite this sentence. It still gets across the same idea, but we had to put the
nouns in a different order so the modifier wasn't dangling any more. - [Voiceover] Running around
on his little hamster wheel, Albert watched his pet exercise. (laughing) - [Voiceover] This whole part, running around on his
little hamster wheel, is the modifier in the sentence, but what comes right after it, is Albert, which I don't think he's
the one running around on a little hamster wheel. - [Voiceover] Right so, this is something you
want to look out for, and maybe rewrite your sentence
so that doesn't happen. - [Voiceover] Right
and we have a clue that Albert is not the name of
the hamster or the pet, because it says Albert
watched his pet exercise. So we have a good clue that
Albert is probably a human, and he's probably not
running on a hamster wheel. (laughing)
- [Voiceover] Right? - [Voiceover] So he shouldn't
be coming right after that, that modifier. - [Voiceover] Yeah, exactly. - [Voiceover] Running around
on his little hamster wheel, the critter exercised
while Albert watched. - [Voiceover] Right, so this
is how we made our change. We still have running around
on his little hamster wheel at the beginning, but then we sort of,
switched around the order of Albert and his pet. So now we have the critter
following the modifier that it's supposed to be modified by. - [Voiceover] Right. - [Voiceover] Yeah so like,
that is dangling modifiers, and how you get rid of them. They're words or phrases that describe another word or phrase, and when they're dangling
they're like in the wrong place, they're in front of the wrong noun. - [Voiceover] So, when you have a modifier at the beginning of your sentence, and it's set off with a
comma, like all of these are, that's when you have to pay attention, and make sure that the noun or phrase coming right after the modifier is matched up with the modifier, so that it's describing the right thing. - [Voiceover] Right.
You can get some crazy meanings out of your sentences otherwise. Like the bunny, with lightning. So that's dangling modifiers. You can learn anything. Paige out. - [Voiceover] Rosie out.